Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Biotechnology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
2
Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
3
Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
4
Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
5
3) Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as pivotal players in immunomodulation, offering immense therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases, tissue regeneration, and inflammatory disorders. Their dual capacity to exert pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects depends significantly on the microenvironment they inhabit. This review delves into the intricate interplay between MSCs and their microenvironment, emphasizing their plasticity and how it is influenced by cytokines, chemokines, and cellular components. Furthermore, it examines the mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated immunosuppression, including their role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Special attention is given to the priming processes, such as exposure to inflammatory cytokines and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), that enhance their immunoregulatory properties. Emerging evidence from tumor microenvironment studies and preclinical research highlights the importance of understanding MSC plasticity to optimize their therapeutic application. This comprehensive analysis underscores the need for tailoring MSC-based therapies to specific microenvironmental contexts for improved efficacy and safety.
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