Document Type : Mini-Review
Authors
1
Department of anatomical sciences, faculty of medical sciences, Tarbiat modares university, Tehran, Iran
2
Anatomical Sciences Department., Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University
3
Biology and Anatomical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
4
Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institude, Shahid Sadoughi of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
5
Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
6
Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
7
Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized as the development of endometrial organs and stromal cells in a heterotopic area with immune dysregulation. Considering endometriosis is a chronic progressive disease primarily affecting young reproductive ages, early interventions to prevent disease progression is mandatory. Medical treatment may be effective to alleviate the symptoms, but recurrence after the cessation of medicine is frequent. In addition, there is a potential for decrease endometrial receptivity, an increase in free radicals, excessive production of prostaglandins, estrogen, as well as an imbalance in the level of cytokines, interleukins and various growth factors in this disease. Exosomes (Exos) are extracellular nanovesicles that are released from almost all cell, so Exos are one of the strategies for cellular cross‐talk. Recent studies have shown that during implantation, Exos can participate in the complex dialogue between the embryo and maternal tissues. Here, we review how endometriosis develops as a heterogeneous disease, and introduce the Exos and its potential as a new strategy in improving symptoms and fertility in these patients.
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